Odds and ends

[Mark]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vycor
http://www.udel.edu/chem/GlassShop/Phys ... erties.htm

[Mark]

Metal halide cut and pasted tidbits. ha
The argon gas in the lamp is easily ionized, and facilitates striking the arc across the two electrodes when voltage is first applied to the lamp. The heat generated by the arc then vaporizes the mercury and metal halides, which produce light as the temperature and pressure increases. Common operating conditions inside the arc tube are 70-90 PSI (480-620 kPa) and 2000 °F (1090 °C).
Moreover, the color properties of metal halide lamps often change over the lifetime of the bulb. Often, in large installations of MH lamps, particularly of the quartz arc-tube variety, it will be seen that no two are exactly alike in color.

They are covered with an outer glass shield (or glass bulb) to protect the inner components and provide a shield to UV light generated by the mercury vapor. Inside the glass shield, a series of support and lead wires hold the inner fused quartz arc tube and its embedded tungsten electrodes. It is within the arc tube that the light is actually created. Besides the mercury vapor, the lamp contains iodides or sometimes bromides of different metals and noble gas. The composition of the metals used defines the color of the lamp.

If power is interrupted, even briefly, the lamp's arc will extinguish, and the high pressure that exists in the hot arc tube will prevent re-striking the arc; a cool-down period of 5-10 minutes will be required before the lamp can be re-started. This is a major concern in some lighting applications where prolonged lighting interruption could create manufacturing shut-down or a safety issue. A few metal halide lamps are made with "instant restrike" capabilities where the lamp, ballast and socket are built to withstand the 30,000 volt re-ignition pulse supplied via a separate anode wire.

At the end of life, metal halide lamps exhibit a phenomenon known as cycling. These lamps can be started at a relatively low voltage but as they heat up during operation, the internal gas pressure within the arc tube rises and more and more voltage is required to maintain the arc discharge. As a lamp gets older, the maintaining voltage for the arc eventually rises to exceed the voltage provided by the electrical ballast. As the lamp heats to this point, the arc fails and the lamp goes out. Eventually, with the arc extinguished, the lamp cools down again, the gas pressure in the arc tube is reduced, and the ballast can once again cause the arc to strike. The effect of this is that the lamp glows for a while and then goes out, repeatedly.
More-sophisticated ballast designs detect cycling and give up attempting to start the lamp after a few cycles. If power is removed and reapplied, the ballast will make a new series of startup attempts.
A common example of this is the street lights you see in the evening turning off and reigniting as soon as they have "cooled off".
Metal Halide Lamps of the quartz arc tube variety are susceptible to explosion at the end of their rated life due to the corrosive effects of the halide salts on the quartz. Burning universal position lamps horizontally also increases risk of explosion due to higher arc wall temperature. Mechanical shock such as vibration may also cause explosion, as may leaving the lamp on all day. As such, metal halide fixtures should be turned off at least 15 minutes each week to reduce explosion hazard, and a quartz shroud may also be added for further protection and to reduce halide ions migrating through the arc tube wall (quartz metal halide lamps only).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_halide_light_bulb

[Mark]

"We are online! Chat now." ha
http://quartz.en.alibaba.com/product/20 ... _Body.html
"This is clear fused quartz glass tube available as continuous machine drawn and automatic controlled tubing. This glass had the typical characteriastics of high purity, good spectral transmission, well controlled dimension and lower OH and so on. It serves as the first choice of heat resistant material for halogen lamps, mercury lamps, metal halide lamps and other quartz lamps. This glass can be supplied in the range of 3-260mm outside diameter, 0.5-8.0mm wall thickness and 10-3000mm length. Exhaust tubes with good CPK are suitable for high-speed streamline production. And further processing of trim cutting, fire polishing, bending and pinching and etc. can be done according to the requirement of customers. OH-content can be controled within 20ppm\15ppm\10ppm\5ppm\2ppm according to the requirement of customers."

Other odd shapes.
http://www.alibaba.com/product-gs/20313 ... =203133356
http://quartz.en.alibaba.com/product/20 ... l#inSearch

[Mark]

It would be fun to make a weakly energetic valved jam jar of thin stainless steel. Imagine a somewhat typical jam jar shape, with a hole in the center, but with some flower petal valves around the bottom end of the "jar". Now imagine cocking the jar to lay sideways with wings or even invert it so that the center hole points down and to this I would want the jar to lift off the ground. It might be imagined as a really stunted valved pulsejet of deformed proportions, but as such a form that would allow for breaking the surly bounds of earth, while at the same time being friendly to the ears of humans and pets.
I feel certain this ability would grab a lot of attention with these things staccato squid-thrusting about in the air, something that would blow the Make Magazine jam jarrers out of the water. ha

(Your jam jar here) ha
http://www.laesieworks.com/ifo/lib/VTOL ... sch-01.jpg

Maybe a jar could be stabilized for vertical flight with a balance beam fitted with little weights at the ends hung low. Or "halteres" for self-correcting steering, (Up); and to dampen vibration, perhaps attach the balance beams to the a face of the jar to counter-flex with the/a potentially oil-canning lid. Just a little nuance that may or may not have some use.

"The small, bulbous structures are called halteres. They are used for balance and vibration damping during flight. All true flies have these organs; they evolved from the (absent in flies) second set of wings present in many other insects."
http://www.cirrusimage.com/flies_crane.htm

And just a phantom that looks curious. "They seemed to just float and were almost vertical as they moved slowly thru the air."
http://www.whatsthatbug.com/category/crane-fly/
http://i.pbase.com/o6/55/679455/1/81627 ... 2copyC.jpg

[Mark]

Curious sentence structure, but a promising topic.
http://www.lygdxquartz.com/website/show ... asp?ID=548
Some of their toys again.
http://www.lygdxquartz.com/website/Product-en.asp

[Mark]

From an artistic point of view, it might be fun to zip up a quartz jam jar or my quartz pulsejet tubing (ha) with a fine layer of titanium. Lots of fun colors. Imagine a banding pattern where you leave sections clear and others brightly iridescent.
http://fotofrogfred.com/category/rocks/
http://cgi.ebay.com/11-26ct-Millennium- ... otohosting
http://quartz-crystals.net/aurora/auror ... IT-145.JPG
http://quartz-crystals.net/aurora/titaniumpiece3.htm

[Mark]

Be sure to catch the last act, the hydrogen bomb. A classic experiment, note the buzzing sound.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5EWVXrW28o

And one posted before but I figured what the heck.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mGRKYcsTImo

[Mark]

Patience requested, all the way to the very end. A few good things for your interest. Just ride out the slow parts. I liked this one.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGL5kLioRrU&feature=user

[Mark]

The previous clip with the buzzing hydrogen bomb reminded me of a foot long valved pulsejet I made using a washer and some .003ths blue tempered spring steel for a single petal valve that covered the hole of the washer. I sanded the washer to a mirror smooth finish and the petal valve was perfectly centered and sanded too to removed any burrs. I held the petal valve on with a tiny screw and nut. I'd prime the engine with methanol, coating the insides with a squirt or two and one in the intake for good measure, but careful to not wet the reed too much. I then would light the tail end. A curious thing happened, the flame front WOULDN'T instantly advance down the 1/4 inch plumbing pipe exhaust tube of the pulsejet. On several occasions it would merely buzz ever so quietly for many seconds like a bee inside the tube, then out of nowhere it would kick in and the jet would whine full grease, screaming loud in an instant. Sometimes though the jet would just backfire loudly or just instantly start up as well. And still other times you could hear the flame walking up the tube, building in intensity until it hit the combustion chamber volume I guess which would set it off running.
It was really fun to anticipate when the buzzing would finally stop and the jet kick in. Sometimes it was almost whisper quiet, the petal valve perhaps moving ever so slightly responding to the bubble/dome of fire residing in the tube, unable to advance down/up the tube. It was a little purring kitten that out of nowhere killed your ears -- in an instant-on pulsejet fashion. Much like the hydrogen bomb bee sound, before setting itself off.

For review
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5EWVXrW28o

[Mark]

One other thing I wanted to bring up about my little single petal/reed pulsejet is that when it buzzed like a bee inside without advancing the flame front, what must be occurring is that the valve is opening to the tiniest degree allowing for breathing to occur. Once the rich exhaust tube leans out enough the flame front is allowed to advance and kick it into a full grease running action. This is the same principle as the "hydrogen bomb" or buzzing bee effect. And technically, the tip of that device/the bomb fuse could be considered a really short lengthed pulsejet for it too buzzes with resonance, until the rich flame front leans out and the flame advances downward creating the stunning boom effect.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5EWVXrW28o

I'm very tired right now, but another thing I thought of was how after you run a jam jar it is too hot and if you go to run it again you will often meet with failure, or on occasion, some have noted that there be formed on the lid a little dome of a blue flame sometimes accompanied with a short-lived tone or humming sound. But if you had the slightest diameter tube for the jar to breathe from the bottom, perhaps the air would gradually refresh the jar with a chimney effect, whilst the heat would provide ample fumes to keep the little dome lit until the flame front could advance and climb down into the jar, restarting the jar in the same fashion as the "hydrogen bomb" effect or like the delayed bumble bee pulsejet starting method I have experienced.
Again, the "fused" hydrogen bomb effect seems to me to qualify as a tiny pulsejet, it's hydrogen resonating in a capillary sized tube/hole and the only other fuel is plain old air. Now what would be neat is to employ the little resonating hydrogen combustion to bang start a larger pulsejet held in the vertical position. Imagine the hydrogen buzzing bee effect at the apex of some pulsejet instead of installing a spark plug there. Most any pulsejet could afford a tiny air leak from the "capillary-sized hydrogen pulsejet port" so in a way you could use a micro pulsejet effect to initiate/start a full sized pulsejet effect. Twisted thinking but it would make for a good showing. Be the first on your block. ha
One time I installed a platinum catalyst inside a jam jar and eye-droppered in some methanol. In a bit, the alcohol vapor became rich enough and the jam jar sprang to life out of nowhere in an unpredictable moment in time as I waited for it to happen. Most fun it was. Now if you put a tiny tube up from the bottom of the jar, this too would allow for the hot spent fumes to rise out the hole in the lid and the little platinum catalyst could again relight your jar hypothetically if you supplied enough fuel for several runs. I once put a baby jar with lid outdoors with holes in the lid and it would fire and die out and fire again and this behavior was still occurring albeit weakly the next morning when I went outside to check on the jar. The alcohol must have become watery, but the whoosh was still cycling weakly, instead of a strong whoosh sound there was a tiny poof of hot gases from time to time. It was much like this video only the scale was much smaller.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytqLbJJ3VG8

[Mark]

Here is a glass-walled pulsejet. I remember reading a report of a glass-walled pulsejet that Project Squid was involved in using high speed photography and a Dynajet.
And this V-1 shows glass windows at 2:04. Old post.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXWSQ4cl ... re=related

[Mark]

Another presentation of the bomb/resonant fuse delay. ha
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptiCFq5YK3Q

[Mark]

http://www.2spi.com/catalog/ltmic/quartz.shtml

http://www.tedpella.com/histo_html/quar ... slides.htm
http://www.tedpella.com/histo_html/GE124-Quartz.htm

Seems you could trombone/sleeve some smaller sizes into larger diameters in the single digit mm sizes if you wanted to make a micro-quartz pulsejet. Various combinations possible.
http://www.quartz.com/quartz.html

[Mark]

A rough draft.
I might be fun to fill a large party balloon with hydrogen and have a little micro quartz pulsejet tube hanging below pushing the craft along until the lift gives out. Have a fuel feed line from the balloon to the quartz engine. You could stylize the balloon, perhaps have the logo Lemuria on the balloon, something mythical, a lost land. Lemurian followers are big into quartz. Maybe paint a few lemurs on the balloon too. ha

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemuria_(continent)
http://images.google.com/images?um=1&hl ... tz&spell=1

[Mark]

Since wiki didn't direct link me on the previous Lemuria topic, I'm cutting and pasting it in the name of quartz and lemurs. ha

Lemuria (continent)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Lemuria (IPA: /lɨˈmjʊəriə/[1]) is the name of a hypothetical "lost land" variously located in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The concept's 19th century origins lie in attempts to account for discontinuities in biogeography. The concept of Lemuria has been rendered obsolete by modern understanding of plate tectonics. Although sunken continents do exist — see Zealandia in the Pacific and the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Ocean — there is no known geological formation under the Indian or Pacific Oceans that corresponds to the hypothetical Lemuria.

Though Lemuria has passed out of the realm of conventional science, it has been adopted by writers involved in the occult, as well as some Tamil writers of India. Accounts of Lemuria differ, but all share a common belief that a continent existed in ancient times and sank beneath the ocean as a result of a geological, often cataclysmic, change.

Contents [hide]
1 Scientific origins
1.1 Superseded
2 Madame Blavatsky's Lemuria
3 Lemuria and Mount Shasta
4 Kumari Kandam and Lemuria
5 Lemuria's Reptilian Beings
6 Use of Lemuria in modern fiction
7 References
8 Further reading
9 See also
10 External links

[edit] Scientific origins
Though living lemur species are only found in Madagascar and several surrounding islands, the biogeography of extinct lemurs extends from Pakistan to Malaysia. The wide range of the animals inspired the name Lemuria, which was coined in 1864 by the zoologist Philip Sclater in an article "The Mammals of Madagascar" in The Quarterly Journal of Science. Puzzled by the presence of fossil lemurs in both Madagascar and India, but not in Africa nor the Middle East, Sclater proposed that Madagascar and India had once been part of a larger continent.

Sclater's theory was hardly unusual for his time. The acceptance of Darwinism led scientists to seek to trace the diffusion of species from their points of evolutionary origin. Prior to the acceptance of continental drift, biologists frequently postulated submerged land masses in order to account for populations of land-based species now separated by barriers of water. Similarly, geologists tried to account for striking resemblances of rock formations on different continents. The first systematic attempt was made by Melchior Neumayr in his book Erdgeschichte in 1887. Many hypothetical submerged land bridges and continents were proposed during the 19th century, in order to account for the present distribution of species.

After gaining some acceptance within the scientific community, the concept of Lemuria began to appear in the works of other scholars. Ernst Haeckel, a German Darwinian taxonomist, proposed Lemuria as an explanation for the absence of "missing link" fossil records. According to another source, Haeckel put forward this thesis prior to Sclater (but without using the name 'Lemuria'). [2] Locating the origins of the human species on this lost continent, he claimed the fossil record could not be found because it had sunk beneath the sea.

Other scientists hypothesized that Lemuria had extended across parts of the Pacific oceans, seeking to explain distributions of species across Asia and the Americas.