Wing In Ground-effect craft

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Anders Troberg
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Re: re: Rocket Racers

Post by Anders Troberg »

I saw something on the net about a towable wig, I think it was still conceptual though. The idea was to pull it behind a boat like a tube or kneeboard. I though it was a pretty cool idea. I think it was called the "manta ray", as its shape was very similar to one.
If nothing else, it would be a somewhat simpler way of testing the prototype.

Besides, I've always found the shape of the manta ray very inspiring for some kind of aircraft design.
Anders Troberg
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re: Rocket Racers

Post by Anders Troberg »

And here is the link to the Manta Ray:

http://www.sevylor.com/towables.html
El-Kablooey
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Re: re: Rocket Racers

Post by El-Kablooey »

Anders Troberg wrote:
I saw something on the net about a towable wig, I think it was still conceptual though. The idea was to pull it behind a boat like a tube or kneeboard. I though it was a pretty cool idea. I think it was called the "manta ray", as its shape was very similar to one.
If nothing else, it would be a somewhat simpler way of testing the prototype.

Besides, I've always found the shape of the manta ray very inspiring for some kind of aircraft design.

Great idea! Thanks! I'll use that if I can find a way to rig it so that being towed doesn't mess with the craft's natural balance, I think the tight rope would give me a false stability.
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larry cottrill
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Re: re: Rocket Racers

Post by larry cottrill »

El-Kablooey wrote:go watch the video at the link I posted above, he drags his wingtips in the water during a turn with no ill effects.
It appears to me that the wingtip is carefully designed for that type of action, like a hydroplaning or hydrofoiling effect. Only the rear edge of the tip makes planing contact with the water. This makes good sense if you can design it in; it relies on the positive angle of attack of the wing section during flight.

I too like this idea very much, and wish you the best of success. This is really an efficient and sensible mode of transportation, although sensible only in terms of water as you've said earlier. Or a dry lakebed re Ben's comment.

L Cottrill
Anders Troberg
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re: Rocket Racers

Post by Anders Troberg »

Exactly my thought. I'm curious what would happen if the wing would smash into a larger wave leading edge first. Is there any risk that it may cut down in such a way as to tip the craft?

I'm also not that impressed with the wing construction. Two straight pipes with some fabric between them seems a bit too primitive for my taste.

With regards to the false stability when towing, I can't really see this as a problem on the first test flight. Learn to handle it in easy conditions first, then go for the less stable version.
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re: Rocket Racers

Post by El-Kablooey »

Apparently longitudinal stability is a big issue with WIGs. A tow line at the front would negate any stability problems, like with a kite. Maybe if the line was connected at the center of gravity, on the bottom of the craft it would help.
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El-Kablooey
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Re: re: Rocket Racers

Post by El-Kablooey »

Larry Cottrill wrote:
El-Kablooey wrote:go watch the video at the link I posted above, he drags his wingtips in the water during a turn with no ill effects.
It appears to me that the wingtip is carefully designed for that type of action, like a hydroplaning or hydrofoiling effect. Only the rear edge of the tip makes planing contact with the water. This makes good sense if you can design it in; it relies on the positive angle of attack of the wing section during flight.

I too like this idea very much, and wish you the best of success. This is really an efficient and sensible mode of transportation, although sensible only in terms of water as you've said earlier. Or a dry lakebed re Ben's comment.

L Cottrill

Thanks for that Larry! What a great idea! I don't think that was UH's intention though. I've read through every bit of information about WIGs I can find on the net, and haven't ran across that idea yet. Almost all of the WIG designs have those capped ends though. They are there to help trap the air under the wing and reduce drag caused by the vortices at the wingtips. Your idea about giving them another use as a hydrofoil is perfect. I will definately try to incorporate that effect into my design.
Oh yeah, I guess I am kind of ruining the effcient and sensible parts by powering it with PJ's, but it will be fun! Besides, how else could I get 100lbs of thrust from 10lbs of engine?



Anders, that UH wing is a crappy design. I'll bet that short video clip is made up of the good parts of an hour of flying around filming. From the information I've gathered the ideal wing for a WIG is referred to as the Lippitchs (sp?) platform. It's basically a reverse delta configuration (wings swept forward) with a negative dihedral, and capped ends. Also the airfoil should be shaped different from normal aircraft. The bottom should have a slight "s" shape to it, convcave at the front and convex at the rear. This helps to raise the pressure at the rear of the wing, otherwise you need a whopping big tailplane like 1/3 of the wing area to stabilize the thing.


You guys keep coming with the great ideas! thanks
again!
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Re: re: Rocket Racers

Post by steve »

El-Kablooey wrote: Also the airfoil should be shaped different from normal aircraft. The bottom should have a slight "s" shape to it, convcave at the front and convex at the rear. This helps to raise the pressure at the rear of the wing, otherwise you need a whopping big tailplane like 1/3 of the wing area to stabilize the thing.
you mean like this:
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El-Kablooey
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re: Rocket Racers

Post by El-Kablooey »

Yeah, that's one whopping big tailplane alright! The optimized newer designs look nothing like a traditional airplane. They really do look more like something from star wars. I'll go find some pics, be back.
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re: Rocket Racers

Post by El-Kablooey »

......
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Bruno Ogorelec
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re: Rocket Racers

Post by Bruno Ogorelec »

Someone (Anders?) complained about poor wing construction. May I suggest we try going even further in that direction?

Bill, you have extensive background in hang gliding. Why shouldn’t a fabric wing serve just as well under WIG conditions as it does in ordinary flight? Surely the hang-glider wing construction is the simplest and cheapest available, yet does its job remarkably well.

In fact, I have a suspicion that it might be even better in WIG than in free air, because – as far as I can see -- its duty resembles certain types of sailboat wings more than it does aircraft wings.

Or we could employ the so-called Princeton Wing. It was developed at Princeton in the 1970s in a project aimed at development of a better windmill. Of course, windmill rotor arms are nothing but wings. Or sails. Same thing, more or less.

A Princeton Wing is a simple tubular 'sock' made out of Dacron fabric. It is pulled over a stiff tube that serves as the leading edge of the wing and a cable (stretched tight) that serves as the trailing edge. The simplest construction you can think of. The fabric is not attached either to the leading edge tube or to the trailing edge cable, but is free to slide a little bit over both.

The fabric of the ‘sock’ forms the upper and the lower surfaces of the airfoil. Give it some wind at a good angle of attack and the fabric forms precisely into the form that offers the best combination of lift and drag. The fabric tension is adjusted for best wing behavior – neither too slack nor too tight.

With perfect fabric cut, you need no internal bracing at all, but in practice a few lightweight fiberglass battens, like those used for sailboat sails or hang glider wings.

In a WIG craft, this construction would be particularly easy to do, because you have to have a prominent wingtip endplate anyway – which is perfect for anchoring the leading edge longeron and the trailing edge cable in place.
Anders Troberg
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re: Rocket Racers

Post by Anders Troberg »

It is a nice principle, but I think that WIGs in particular have a certain problem with it. The basic idea of the WIG is that it skims along on a cushion of compressed air.

If the bottom of the wing is not rigid, this cushion will force it to bellow upwards, instead of bending downwards to increase the pressure even more (creating more lift). Not only that, the bellowing will probably redirect some air steeply downwards. This will create some lift, but will also create turbulence and drag.

It also depends a lot on how fast you intend to go. If you build a jet powered WIG, you are probably not just intending to to float along merrily, you want to go low and fast. Fabric is not ideal in this situation, as it is prone to flapping and generally misbehaving.

Perhaps some of these problems could be solved by using some semi-rigid fabric, something that behaved a bit like thick rubber, and by adding a third support tube inside the wing to keep the back end of the wing down.

If I had unlimited money and a bunch of people to do the actual construction, I would probably go back to the manta shaped idea coupled with this kind of wing construction. Instead of rudders I would make the wing support tubes themselves adjustable (by having a slight bend in them and rotating them) and steer using variable wing geometry. Put the intake where the manta has its mouth and the exhausts where the gills are in flight, but redirect them during takeoff to the top side (much like the intakes on the Su-27). It would look hot, and probably handle well. So, give me unlimited money in small, unmarked bills and a work crew, or I will kill this project...
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re: Rocket Racers

Post by Mark »

I like to watch the pelicans glide low over the bay, they can go quite a distance without flapping, no more than 2 feet above the water. There once was a dense fog when I drove over the 3 mile bridge over the bay, I saw a pelican appear out of the mist, flying effortlessly along in my general direction so surreal, it seemed prehistoric somehow, like a pteroadactyl. They have that long bill.
I like to watch flying fish too, once one glided into the boat and I put him back in the water.
Ground effect creatures at times I suppose.
Mark
Last edited by Mark on Wed Oct 12, 2005 12:16 am, edited 1 time in total.
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hinote
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Re: re: Rocket Racers

Post by hinote »

Bruno Ogorelec wrote:Someone (Anders?) complained about poor wing construction. May I suggest we try going even further in that direction?

Bill, you have extensive background in hang gliding. Why shouldn’t a fabric wing serve just as well under WIG conditions as it does in ordinary flight? Surely the hang-glider wing construction is the simplest and cheapest available, yet does its job remarkably well.

In fact, I have a suspicion that it might be even better in WIG than in free air, because – as far as I can see -- its duty resembles certain types of sailboat wings more than it does aircraft wings.

Or we could employ the so-called Princeton Wing. It was developed at Princeton in the 1970s in a project aimed at development of a better windmill. Of course, windmill rotor arms are nothing but wings. Or sails. Same thing, more or less.

A Princeton Wing is a simple tubular 'sock' made out of Dacron fabric. It is pulled over a stiff tube that serves as the leading edge of the wing and a cable (stretched tight) that serves as the trailing edge. The simplest construction you can think of. The fabric is not attached either to the leading edge tube or to the trailing edge cable, but is free to slide a little bit over both.
The short span favors simplified wing construction. It's easy to calculate the strength necessary, with some simple formulas.

One of the things I found interesting while reviewing some of the links is the need for a different type of airfoil section. In fact, it appears that multiple sections may be necessary to optimize the lift distribution--and the sections are somewhat different than for conventional aircraft. The closest available sections would be those we term as "reflexed", or more simply stated, with a turned up trailing edge. Reflex is a famous problem for sailwing-type designs to handle, and some pretty fancy fixes have been attempted to make it happen--mostly in hang gliders.

Personally, if I were going to attempt this (which I'm not!--it's a different problem than an aircraft) I would use a fiberglass-over-foam solution, with a spar laid in a groove, top and bottom. This is the method Burt Rutan developed many years ago and it has stood the test of time.

Bill H.
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hinote
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Re: re: Rocket Racers

Post by hinote »

Mark wrote:I like to watch the pelicans glide low over the bay, they can go quite a distance without flapping, no more than 2 feet above the water. e.
The pelican is a real aerodynamic wonder, IMHO.

It has what I believe is one of the highest wing loadings in the bird world.

It's a real expert at energy conservation; in addition to maximizing the WIG concept (it has anhedral in the wings, to place them as close to the water as possible), they also ridge-soar the waves as much as possible, extracting the vertical component of the air as it moves.

Also, they fly in formation a lot. The poor leader gets a raw deal (but he gets replaced often!)--but the rest of them fly in the tip vortex of their neighbor; the result is a unique diagonal formation of birds with the alignment dictated by the physics of the vortex.

Like most birds they can also change the camber and twist of their wings at will; we're just now attempting to duplicate some of this active wing shaping, with modern composites.

Bill H.
Acoustic Propulsion Concepts

".......some day soon we'll be flying airplanes powered by pulsejets."
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