bp-bib.htm Tri-Mode ARLA

Amateur Rocket Launch Assist (ARLA)

Bibliographic Additions



NACA Documents

Notes: Many of the citations below show the year, report number, and in parenthesis the sequence number at the time I found them. Since creating this format it has come to my attention that NASA is continuing to add papers as they are scanned in which will likely change the sequence number. I estimate that between 25 and 50 pct of the NACA documents have been scanned and loaded.

There are many more reports already on the NACA site that I haven't read. These are not listed here.

When searching the NACA list I recommend starting in 1947 (I found nothing earlier) and using your web browser to search for the term "ram".

I also recommend starting with the following reports

1947 Citations

E6L06 (41)
Eugene Perchonok, William H. Sterbentz, and Fred A. Wilcox,
"Performance of a 20-inch Steady-Flow Ram Jet at High Altitudes and Ram-Pressure Ratios,"
NACA E6L06, June 25, 1947, pp. 39.

E6L11 (42)
Richard P. Krebs and John Palasics,
"Analytical Comparison of a Standard Turbojet Engine, A turbojet Engine With a Tail-Pipe Burner, and a Ram-Jet Engine,"
NACA RM E6L11, February 10, 1947, pp. 29.

1948 Citations

L7I24
2-D Ramjets
Paul R. Hill and A. A. Gammal,
"An Analysis of Ducted-Airfoil Ram Jets for Supersonic Aircraft,"
NACA RM L7I24, July 7, 1948, pp. 43.

E7L02 (50)
Very good description of fuel injection, nozzles, and construction,
W.H. Sterbentz, E. Perchonok, and F.A. Wilcox,
"Investigation of Effects of Several Fuel-Injection Locations on Operational Performance of a 20-inch Ram Jet,"
NACA RM E7L02, June 8, 1948, pp. 39.

E8A26 (51)
George F. Kinghorn and John H. Disher,
"Free-Flight Investigation of 16-inch-Diameter Supersonic Ram-Jet Unit,"
NACA RM E8A26, May 28, 1948, pp. 20.

E8F21
Roland Breitwieser,
"Performance of a Ram-Jet-Type Combustor with Flame Holders Immersed in the Combustion Zone,"
NACA No. E8F21, November 1, 1948, pp. 47.

E8F28 (63)
William P. Cook and Eugene V. Zettle,
"Performance Investigation of Can-Type Combustor, II - Water Injection at Various Stations in Combustor,"
NACA RM E8F28, September 30, 1948, pp. 27.

1949 Citations

E9F22 (52)br> William W. Carlton and Wesley E. Messing,
"Free-Flight Performance of 16-inch-Diameter Supersonic Ram-Jet Units, I - Four Units Designed for Combustion-Chamber-Inlet Mach Number of 0.12 at Free-Stream Mach Number of 1.6 (Units A-2, A-3, A-4, and A-5),"
NACA RM E9F22, September 22, 1949, pp. 51.

1950 Citations

E50D04
T.J. Nusdorfer, D.C. Sederstrom, and E. Perchonok,
"Investigation of Combustion in 16-inch Ram Jet Under Simulated Conditions of High Altitude and High Mach Number"
NACA RM E50D04, June 27, 1950, p. 53.

L50H10
Short length CC (donut-type regenerative burner)
Maxime A. Faget and H. Rudolph Dettwyler,
"Initial Flight Investigation of a Twin-Engine Supersonic Ram Jet,"
NACA RM L50H10, Sept 15, 1950, pp. 28.

E50H22 (74)
Shillito, T B; Jones, W L; Kahn, R W,
"Altitude test chamber investigation of performance of a 28-inch ram-jet engine II : effects of gutter width and blocked area on operating range and combustion efficiency,"
NACA RM-E50H21, November 06, 1950, pp. 59.

E50I06
Fred A. Wilcox,
"Free-Jet Performance of 16-inch Ram-Jet Engine with Several Fuels,"
NACA RM E50I06, October 31, 1950, pp. 23.

E50J20
Thomas B. Shillito, George G. Younger, and James G. Henzel, Jr.
"Altitude-Test-Chamber Investigation of Performance of a 28-inch Ram-Jet Engine, III - Combustion and Operational Performance of Three Flame Holders with a Center Pilot Burner."
NACA RM E50J20, ?, pp. ?

1951 Citations

E50J20 (39)
Shillito, Thomas B; Younger, George G; Henzel, James G, Jr,
"Altitude-test-chamber investigation of performance of a 28-inch ram-jet engine III : combustion and operational performance of three flame holders with a center pilot burner,"
NACA RM-E50J20, February 06, 1951, pp. 33.

E50L04
T. Nussdorfer, F. Wilcox, and E. Perchonok,
"Investigation at Zero Angle of Attack of a 16-inch Ram-Jet Engine in 8- by 6-foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel,"
NACA RM E50L04, March 2, 1951, pp. 33.

E50L18 (46)
Rabb, Leonard and North, Warren J,
"Free-flight performance of 16-inch diameter supersonic ram-jet units IV : performance of ram-jet units designed for combustion chamber inlet Mach number of 0.21 at free-stream Mach number of 1.6 over a range flight conditions,"
NACA RM-E50L18, February 26, 1951, pp. 48.

A51C12
"Characteristics of Four Nose Inlets as Measured at Mach Numbers between 1.4 and 2.0."
This 1951 report reviews the performance of two normal shock inlets (like the F-100 fighter) and two conical inlets. For the speeds considered it appears that the normal shock inlets (easier to build) have lower drag and better performance. Cheaper is better?

E51G23 (77)
E. Howard, R. W. Luidens and J. L. Allen,
"Force and pressure characteristics for a series of nose inlets at Mach numbers from 1.59 to 1.99: V - Analysis and Comparison on Basis of Ram-Jet Aircraft Range and Operational Characteristics,"
NACA RM E51G23, Sep 1951, pp. 35.

E51G26
Describes can-type Pilot/Conical Flame Holder
Eugene Perchonok, Fred Wilcox, and Donald Pennington,
"Effect of Angle of Attack and Exit Nozzle Design on the Performance of a 16-inch Ram Jet at Mach Numbers From 1.5 to 2.0,"
NACA RM E51G26, Oct 5, 1951, pp41.

E51H02 (79)
Normal Shock Inlet to M 7
Philip J. Evans, Jr.,
"Analytical investigation of ram-jet-engine performance in flight Mach number range from 3 to 7,"
NACA RM E51H02, Oct 1951, pp. 32.
This one also compares normal shock diffusers and theoretical high efficiency diffusers. It's all analytical with no hardware testing but the results indicate that the normal shock inlet is half as effective as that of the better inlet. Both are still producing thrust at Mach 7. The fuel of consideration is gasoline. The heavy interest in gasoline is causing me to rethink which fuel I should use.

L50L06 (100)
Faget, Maxine A; Watson, Raymond S; Bartlett, Walter A, Jr,
"Free-jet tests of a 6.5-inch-diameter ram-jet engine at Mach numbers 1.81 and 2.00,"
NACA RM-L50L06, March 07, 1951, pp. 40.

L50L27 (104)
This is the defining launcher
Dettwyler, H Rudolph; Bond, Aleck C,
"Flight performance of a twin-engine supersonic ram jet from 2,300 to 67,200 feet altitude,"
NACA RM-L50L27, February 19, 1951, pp. 26.

1952 Citations

L51L18
Joseph H. Judd and Otto F. Trout, JR,
"Free-Jet Tests of a 1.1-Inch-Diameter Supersonic Ram-Jet Engine,"
NACA RM L51l18, March 5, 1952, pp. 24.

E52D04
A.J. Cervenka and E. E. Dangle,
"Effect of Fuel-Air Distribution on Performance of a 16-inch Ram-Jet Engine,
NACA RM E52D08, June 6, 1952, pp. 25.

E52F04
James F. Connors and Richard R. Woollett,
"Experimental Investigation of a Two-Dimensional Split-Wing Ram-Jet Inlet at Mach Number of 3.85,"
NACA RM E52F04, August 11, 1952, pp. 28.

E52H27 (80)
Eugene Perchonok and Fred A. Wilcox,
"Investigation of ram-jet afterburning as a means of varying effective exhaust nozzle area,"
NACA RM E52H27, Nov 1952, pp. 39.

L52K03
8.6 G Acceleration Demonstrated
Walter A. Bartlett, Jr., and H. Rudolph Dettwyler,
"Flight Test of a Radial-Burning Solid-Fuel Ram Jet.
NACA RM L52K03, December 10, 1952, pp. 21.

1953 Citations

E52J14 (74)
Dangle, E E; Cervenka, A J; Bahr, D W,
"Effects of fuel temperature and fuel distribution on the combustion efficiency of a 16-inch ram-jet engine at a simulated Mach number of 2.9,"
NACA RM-E52J14, January 08, 1953, pp. 29.

E52L02 (82)
Disher, John H Kohl, Robert C Jones, Merle L,
"Free-flight performance of a rocket-boosted, air-launched 16-inch-diameter ram-jet engine at Mach numbers up to 2.20,"
NACA RM-E52L02, February 03, 1953, pp. 35.

E52L26 (87).
Trout, Arthur M and Wentworth, Carl B,
"Free-jet altitude investigation of a 20-inch ram-jet combustor with a rich inner zone of combustion for improved low-temperature-ratio operation,"
NACA RM-E52L26, May 25, 1953, pp. 30.

E53B19 (96)
Dangle, EE Cervenka, A J Bahr, D W,
"Effect of fuel-air ratio concentration in combustion zone on combustion performance of a 16-inch ram-jet engine,"
NACA RM-E53B19, April 13, 1953, pp. 27.

E53F11 (110)
Fradenburgh, Evan A Kremzier, Emil J,
"Performance comparison of three canard-type ram-jet missile configurations at Mach numbers from 1.5 to 2.0,"
NACA RM-E53F11, August 14, 1953, pp. 34.

E53H14 (118)
Henzel, James G, Jr Wentworth, Carl B,
"Free-jet investigation of a 20-inch ram-jet combustor utilizing high-heat-release pilot burner,"
NACA RM-E53H14, October 16, 1953, pp. 37.

L53D02 (158)
Carpenter, Paul J Radin, Edward J,
"Investigation of a ram-jet-powered helicopter rotor on the Langley helicopter test tower,"
NACA RM-L53D02, June 03, 1953, pp. 34.
This one uses gasoline and compares both freejet and rotor tests. The ramjet is 7.25 in diameter, 18 in long, and weighs 9.25 lbs. This one has an excellent chart comparing thrust/fuel flow at different tip speeds. It also shows that the design has low efficiency, which is not surprising considering the tip speed.

L53E21 (170)
Dettwyler, H Rudolph and Faget, Maxime A,
"Engineering method of ram-jet thrust determination based on experimentally obtained combustor parameters,"
NACA RM-L53E21, August 13, 1953, pp. 51.

L53H18a (191)
Radin, Edward J Carpenter, Paul J,
"Comparison of the performance of a helicopter-type ram-jet engine under various centrifugal loadings,"
NACA RM-L53H18a, October 07, 1953, pp. 20.

L53H28 (195)
Hinners, Arthur H, Jr Foland, Douglas, H,
"Preflight tests and flight performance of a 6.5-inch diameter ram-jet engine,"
NACA RM-L53H28, November 02, 1953, pp. 57.
This one reports on a twin-engine missile that accelerates from 1,400 ft and Mach 1.74 to 40,000 ft and Mach 2.61 in 13 seconds. This acceleration was unintended, the throttle stuck which is reminiscent of the ASALM which also had a stuck throttle. Perhaps this is a common problem with ramjets.

1954 Citations

E53K04 (70)
Dangle, E E, Friedman, Robert, Cervenka, Adolph J,
"Analytical and experimental studies of a divided-flow ram-jet combustor,"
NACA RM-E53K04, January 11, 1954, pp. 36.
"Analytical and Experimental Studies of a Divided-Flow Ram-Jet Combustor." This paper talks about running a ramjet at fuel/air ratios of 0.011 to 0.034 (very lean). It's basically a combustor in a combustor. The engine is a 16 incher run direct connect at a simulated Mach 2.9 and 67,000 ft.

E53K17 (72)
This is an excellent report about transonic flight.
North, Warren J,
"Summary of free-flight performance of a series of ram-jet engines at Mach numbers from 0.80 to 2.20,"
NACA RM-E53K17, February 11, 1954, pp. 40.

"for such applications as air-launched missiles it may be advantageous for the ramjet to be self-accelerating from either a high subsonic or a low supersonic speed." (pg 1, last paragraph, first sentence)

Five ramjet engines are tested in free-flight after being dropped from 28,000-35,000 ft. Four are operated from Mach 0.8 to 1.8 where the design point is Mach 1.8. The fifth is operated from Mach 1.5 to 2.4.

"1. The single-conical-shock-inlet, fixed-geometry ram-jet engine demonstrated substantial positive values of transonic thrust minus drag and is therefore capable of self-acceleration throughout the transonic Mach number range." (Summary of Results, pg 11, first paragraph/sentence)

E54C25 (99)
Reynolds, Thaine W, Male, Donald W,
"Effect of immersed surfaces in combustion zone on efficiency and stability of 5-inch diameter ram-jet combustor,"
NACA RM-E54C25, June 21, 1954, pp. 36.

E54G13 (111)
Hearth, Donald P, Perchonok, Eugene,
"Performance of a 16-inch ram-jet engine with a can-type combustor at Mach numbers of 1.5 to 2.16,"
NACA RM-E54G13, August 27, 1954, pp. 32.
This test compares JP4, gasoline, and propylene oxide. It has a convergent nozzle. It states that JP4 is more tolerant than gasoline of fuel/air variations.

E54H02 (112)
Jones, Merle L, Rabb, Leonard, Simpkins, Scott H,
"Drag data for 16-inch-diameter ram-jet engine with double-cone inlet in free flight at Mach numbers from 0.7 to 1.8,"
NACA RM-E54H02, October 25, 1954, pp. 53.
Drag data from free-fall flights.

E54H03
Richard J. Weber and Roger W. Luidens,
"Analysis of Rocket, Ram-Jet, and Turbojet Engines for Supersonic Propulsion of Long-Range Missiles, III - Ram-Jet Engine Performance,
NACA RM E54H03, 8/5/54

E54H13 (115)
Wentworth, Carl B,
"Performance of five low-temperature-ratio ram-jet combustors over range of simulated altitudes,"
NACA RM-E54H13, November 1954, pp. 32.
This one tests five different flame holders. One is particularly interesting in it's fabrication (looks like a lamp shade). It compares Isp at various altitudes to 100,000 ft. Isp's of 1,600 seconds are reported.

L53K13 (127)
"Dettwyler, H, Rudolph, Trout, Otto F JR,
Flight and preflight evaluation of an automatic thrust-coefficient control system in a twin-engine ram-jet missile,"
NACA RM-L53K13, January 22, 1954, pp. 41.

L54D28 (165)
Gammal, Abraham A, Kennedy, Thomas L,
"Flight investigation to determine lift and drag characteristics of a canard ram-jet missile configuration in the Mach number range of 0.8 to 2.0,"
NACA RM-L54D28, June 17, 1954, pp. 22.
This reports on drop tests of vehicle shapes which decelerate from Mach 2 to Mach 0.8 to determine vehicle drag.

1955 Citations

1956 Citations

1957 Citations

1958 Citations

Report 1362,
Leonard K. Tower, Roland Breitwieser, and Benson E. Gammon,
"Theoretical Combustion Performance of Several High-Energy Fuels for Ramjet Engines,"
Describes many (non-typical) high energy fuels such as aluminum, boron-octene slurry, etc.

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Last Updated April 11, 2000